Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography. The WritePass Journal

Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography. Abstract for literature review Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography. ). More importantly, only a handful of studies have attempted to unveil the facts and current state of knowledge and awareness associated with detrimental effects of ionising radiation in Australian and Jordanian dentists. This study, through questionnaires and interviews, examined the dentists that are giving services in Australia and Jordan and assessed their knowledge of such effects that are linked with ionising radiations. The study was carried through intense literature review was carried out to collect the current background in the subject area and the findings of these studies were critically reviewed. Focus of the literature review was based upon the different factors, such as the complications of ionising radiation, complications in different age group people, preventive measures and the current state of knowledge in the dentists all around the globe. Praveen, et.al (2013) suggests that radiation in dentistry is mainly used for diagnostic purposes and in a dental set-up usually the practicing dentist exposes, processes and interprets the radiograph. Although the exposure to such radiation is kept as very less, it is essential to reduce the exposure to the minimum to the dental personnel and patients in order avoid the carcinogenic and organ damaging effects that can be produced by it.. Several radiation protection measures have been advocated to ameliorate these effects. Dose dependent radiation exposure was identified as a one of the key measures in limiting the use of ionising radiation. As suggested by White and Mallya (2012), wise selection of patients to treat with ionising radiation and implement patient-specific reason, which ensures greater benefits than the harms are the two easiest ways to tackle with the risks associated with ionising radiation. However, Ayatollahi et.al (2012) suggests that this practice is not adequately implemented in majority of the dental clinics. Secondly, the review identified children as most susceptible to radiation exposure. Preventive measures such as use of special radiation protection equipments and dose dependent exposure were suggested to be central in minimising the effects of ionising radiation in children in dental clinics. Moreover, it was suggested that knowledge of such risks in dentists can make a significant contribution in the improvement of safe dental practice, ensuring adequate safeguards of both patients and dentists. The literature came up with a conclusion that up to date and evidenced based knowledge is still lacking in dentist regarding the risks of radiation hazard. This will need re-educating and re-training the dentists, make them aware of ionising radiation risks, and make them able to answer any queries from patients about the risks of ionising radiations (Praveen, et.al. 2013). As part of the clinical practice, all dentists are required to undertake radiography as part of the clinical practice in which dentists and members of the dental team, must understand the basic principles of radiation physics, hazards and protection, and should be able to undertake dental radiography safely with the production of high quality, diagnostic images (Rout and Brown, 2012). Although the grey area that was identified was that, dentists are poorly informed on how to use medical imaging tools safely and efficiently. Furthermore, they are found to underestimate the radiation risk and their devastating effec ts in patients’ long term health. In addition, some of the studies revealed that despite some knowledge on the harmful effects of ionising radiation in patients, as well as in their own health, the knowledge of patient’s protection including the exposure distance and prevention of radiation leakage, protection of personnel, i.e. the occupational risk hazards of ionising radiation, dentists were reluctant to employ these safety measures in day to day practice (Rout and Brown, 2012)). Considering the context of this study, no research has evaluated Australian and Jordanian dentists’ knowledge on the risks associated with ionising radiation in the dental clinics; suggesting the importance and need to carry out this study. This puts patients of different age groups in significant risk of developing pathological conditions that are induced by the exposure to ionising radiation. Thus, designing a training module to teach dentists about radiation safety and risk is mandatory for safe dental health practice. This study provides insights into developing new strategies, policies and practices to minimise or even avoid such risks in the future. References Gray, C.F. 2010, Practice-based cone-beam computed tomography: a review,  Primary dental care : journal of the Faculty of General Dental Practitioners (UK),  vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 161-167. Lalla, R.V., Saunders, D.P. Peterson, D.E. 2014, Chemotherapy or radiation-induced oral mucositis,  Dental clinics of North America,  vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 341-349. Metsala, E., Henner, A. Ekholm, M. 2013, Quality assurance in digital dental imaging: a systematic review,  Acta Odontologica Scandinavica,  . Praveen, B.N., Shubhasini, A.R., Bhanushree, R., Sumsum, P.S. Sushma, C.N. 2013, Radiation in dental practice: awareness, protection and recommendations,  The journal of contemporary dental practice,  vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 143-148. Rout, J. Brown, J. 2012, Ionizing radiation regulations and the dental practitioner: 1. The nature of ionizing radiation and its use in dentistry,  Dental update,  vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 191-2, 195-8, 201-3. Verma, S.K., Maheshwari, S., Singh, R.K. Chaudhari, P.K. 2012, Laser in dentistry: An innovative tool in modern dental practice,  National journal of maxillofacial surgery,  vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 124-132. White, S.C. Mallya, S.M. 2012, Update on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, relative dose factors and radiation hygiene,  Australian Dental Journal,  vol. 57 Suppl 1, pp. 2-8.

Definition and Examples of Antithesis in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Antithesis in Rhetoric Antithesis is a  rhetorical term for the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or clauses. Plural: antitheses. Adjective: antithetical. In grammatical terms, antithetical statements are parallel structures.   A perfectly formed antithesis, says Jeanne Fahnestock, combines isocolon, parison, and perhaps, in an inflected language, even homoeoteleuton; it is an overdetermined figure. The aural patterning of the antithesis, its tightness and predictability, are critical to appreciating how the syntax of the figure can be used to force semantic opposites (Rhetorical Figures in Science, 1999). Etymology From the Greek, opposition Examples and Observations Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing.(Goethe)Everybody doesnt like something, but nobody doesnt like Sara Lee.(advertising slogan)There are so many things that we wish we had done yesterday, so few that we feel like doing today.(Mignon McLaughlin, The Complete Neurotics Notebook. Castle Books, 1981)We notice things that dont work. We dont notice things that do. We notice computers, we dont notice pennies. We notice e-book readers, we dont notice books.(Douglas Adams, The Salmon of Doubt: Hitchhiking the Galaxy One Last Time. Macmillan, 2002)Hillary has soldiered on, damned if she does, damned if she doesnt, like most powerful women, expected to be tough as nails and warm as toast at the same time.(Anna Quindlen, Say Goodbye to the Virago. Newsweek, June 16, 2003)It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.(Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, 1859) Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.(President Barack Obama, election night victory speech, November 7, 2012)Youre easy on the eyesHard on the heart.(Terri Clark)We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.(Martin Luther King, Jr., speech at St. Louis, 1964)The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.(Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address, 1863)All the joy the world containsHas come through wishing happiness for others.All the misery the world containsHas come through wanting pleasure for oneself.(Shantideva)The more acute the experience, the less articulate its expression.(Harold Pinter, Writing for the Theatre, 1962)And let my liver rather heat with wineThan my heart cool with mortifying groans.(Gratiano in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare)Jack Londons CredoI would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my s park should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dryrot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time.(Jack London, quoted by his literary executor, Irving Shepard, in an introduction to a 1956 collection of Londons stories) Antithesis and AntithetonAntithesis is the grammatical form of antitheton. Antitheton deals with contrasting thoughts or proofs in an argument; Antithesis deals with contrasting words or ideas within a phrase, sentence, or paragraph.(Gregory T. Howard, Dictionary of Rhetorical Terms. Xlibris, 2010)Antithesis and AntonymsAntithesis as a figure of speech exploits the existence of many natural opposites in the vocabularies of all languages. Small children filling in workbooks and adolescents studying for the antonyms section of the SAT learn to match words to their opposites and so absorb much vocabulary as pairs of opposed terms, connecting up to down and bitter to sweet, pusillanimous to courageous and ephemeral to everlasting. Calling these antonyms natural simply means that pairs of words can have wide currency as opposites among users of a language outside any particular context of use. Word association tests give ample evidence of the consistent linking of opposites in verbal memo ry when subjects given one of a pair of antonyms most often respond with the other, hot triggering cold or long retrieving short (Miller 1991, 196). An antithesis as a figure of speech at the sentence level builds on these powerful natural pairs, the use of one in the first half of the figure creating the expectation of its verbal partner in the second half.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Figures in Science. Oxford University Press, 1999) Antithesis in Films- Since . . . the quality of a scene or image is more vividly shown when set beside its opposite, it is not surprising to find antithesis in film . . .. There is a cut in Barry Lyndon (Stanley Kubrick) from the yellow flickers of a flaming house to a still gray courtyard, lined with soldiers, and another from the yellow candles and warm browns of a gambling room to the cool grays of a terrace by moonlight and the Countess of Lyndon in white.(N. Roy Clifton, The Figure in Film. Associated University Presses, 1983)It is clear that in every simile there is present both differences and likenesses, and both are a part of its effect. By ignoring differences, we find a simile and may perhaps find an antithesis in the same event, by ignoring likeness. . . .- In The Lady Eve (Preston Sturges), a passenger boards a liner by tender. This was conveyed by the two vessels whistling. We see a convulsive spurt of water and hear a desperate, soundless puff before the siren of the t ender found its voice. There was a stuttering amazement, a drunken incoordination to these elaborate preliminaries, foiled by the liners lofty unruffled burst of sounding steam. Here things that are like, in place, in sound, and in function, are unexpectedly contrasted. The commentary lies in the differences and gains force from the likeness.(N. Roy Clifton, The Figure in Film. Associated University Presses, 1983) Antithetical Observations of Oscar Wilde- â€Å"When we are happy, we are always good, but when we are good, we are not always happy.†(The Picture of Dorian Gray, 1891)- â€Å"We teach people how to remember, we never teach them how to grow.†(The Critic as Artist, 1991)- â€Å"Wherever there is a man who exercises authority, there is a man who resists authority.†(The Soul of Man Under Socialism, 1891)- â€Å"Society often forgives the criminal; it never forgives the dreamer.†(The Critic as Artist, 1991) Pronunciation: an-TITH-uh-sis